Tag: construction of life

The test is performed at atmospheric venues, located outdoors on the roof of a building or on the ground. Types of pigments. The most widely used inorganic pigments, they are divided into natural and artificial. Natural relatively few, they are extracted from the earth and in its natural form ready for consumption. They are inferior to the artificial brightness and color, but cheap, harmless and very resistant to weathering. Natural mineral pigments. Chalk – white powder. Consists mainly of calcium carbonate (CCO3).

It is used in water based paints and putty. The Mummy – red, with brown tint pigment. Is an aluminosilicate, colored with iron oxides. Applies to all forms of communication. Minium iron – brownish-red color, represents a floured into a fine powder and iron ore in the main mass consists of iron oxide (78 – 85%). Different light – and atmosferotoykostyu. Ochre – yellow pigment, consisting of clay, painted 10-25% solution of Fe2O3.

Cheap and durable pigment. Umbra – brown, green-tinged color, contains 50% iron oxide and MnO. Siena – temnozhelty, the composition of aluminosilicate containing 45-70% iron oxide. Burnt Sienna has a brown color. Cinnabar – mercury sulphide. It occurs as the mineral red. Bauxite (from white to red) consists mainly of aluminum hydroxide. Characterized by a high weather resistance, lightfastness and covering power. Pyrolusite (black to steel-gray) consists of peroxide of manganese. Water used for production of dye formulations. Graphite – dark gray mineral consisting of carbon. Used to cover oryachih metal surfaces. Synthetic mineral pigments. White pigments. Zinc white – to represent the composition of zinc oxide with small amounts of impurities. These white apply for both domestic and for exterior. They have good light – and weather. Spreading rate – no more than 100-110 g / sq.m., Koeffetsient reflection – 99.7%. Lithopone white – a fine powder – a product of deposition from a solution mixture of ZnSO4 and BSO4.

Decorative painting has a millennial history. Still living in caves, our ancestors sought to decorate their home designs and color images. Methods of decorative painting developed and updated at different the historical periods, reflecting their characteristic fashion trends and preferences. Decorative plaster and paint is relevant even today. Therefore, possession of decorative painting techniques is important advantage of the professional master painter. MramorSovremennye Tikkurila paints make it possible to easily and inexpensively achieve accurate simulation of stone or wood.

These effects are widely used in interior restaurants, cafeterias, institutions, offices, public and private buildings and homes. Marbling involves knowledge and skill to stone – a heavy and expensive, the use of which is often technically difficult or even impossible. Still, with the paint can create a whole marble walls, complex in form arches, obelisks and ornaments, original combination of different types of stones, even on the same wall, and all this can be make use of – hammer enamel. The earliest, painted marble surfaces were found during excavations of ancient Egypt and Pompeii. In the XVIII century mramorirovanie used extensively in interior painting and church temples rich aristocratic homes. In the XIX century mramorirovanie experiencing strong rise in France, which have created new methods for the time marbling.

The most popular types of marble that becomes the object of mramorirovaniya, at the time were white Kararsky, yellow and red Siena Rouge Royal. From malaria-masters required knowledge of various kinds of marble and their specific characteristics, it is impossible to create a nice marble effect only simple copying of a separate pattern piece of marble. Information about the origin of marble is important because it helps to understand its structure, which, for its part, helps to recreate it figure on the decorated surface. And to this day remains in force is generally recommended before the start mramorirovaniyu more deeply acquainted with the origin of the marble, the specifics of certain types of marble, imbued with its domestic natural rhythm and music in color. According to their origin rocks are divided into igneous, sedimentary (brass sediment), and metamorphic. Metamorphic rocks are the result of recrystallization under high pressure and temperature. Marble (from the Greek marmaros means ‘shining stone’) – crystal-grained metamorphic carbonate rocks, the product recrystallization of limestone or dolomite. By the color of marbles are divided into white and colored (pink, yellow, gray, blue, greenish, reddish, black, brown, and various combinations of these colors.) Colored marbles characteristic of the presence of veins, which are cracks filled with natural cement. Modern paint for walls makes it possible to achieve the perfect marble effect using relatively simple techniques and instruments. In this journal we acquaint the reader with the methodology of play Kararskogo marble. Kararsky marble – the most popular type of marble marble Kararsky mined mainly in Italy and is best used in construction and decoration of the type of marble. Color Kararskogo marble usually light, although it varies from almost white to dark gray. Marble surface, made Tikkurila acrylate paints, non-yellowing and maintains its pure light color for many years. Bright marble Kararsky best played on the white basis. As a primer under acrylic paints and varnishes are recommended primer or adhesive primer Helmy Oteks.

Taking the standard pattern of a septic tank, we have used cheap materials to make improvised homemade septic tank volume from two to 700 liters each. If necessary, you can use tanks of 1,000 liters each and combine them into modules according to the scheme presented above. We will not reproduce the theoretical basis for septic tanks, required volumes, the area irrigated fields – you can easily find all this information in Internet. Dwell on design features and materials used for what-would make a septic tank by hand. Outset – that collected under this scheme has been successful in septic summer and winter time and not creates difficulties for its operation.

The only thing he needs – a regular filling of bacterial preparations to avoid unpleasant odors in the toilet. We have used Dr. Roebik – dry and expensive American product, but later moved to Moscow Tamir – we liked it. (With him, by the way, you can make smart fast compost). So we took two plastic containers out of PVA glue in the price of 2000 rubles each and put them on the diagram above. Particular focus on the need to wear a tee for all pipes headroom inside the vessel – this will save us from floating debris on the surface of surface-active substances (Soaps, shampoos, posudomoi, etc.). Be sure the connection tube and the vapor above the working liquid level. For the compounds we used conventional gray sewer pipes, which are then warmed and foams foam.

It is better to use red special pipes for the outdoor sanitation. The compounds we generously glued with silicone sealant and wrapped with gray duct tape plumbing. You may want to pipe connections with tanks undergo epoxide. At the outlet of the pipe on the aeration is advisable to install a check valve (expensive stuff – about 1,500 rubles), which will prevent groundwater numb. Part of this may help to create a negative bias in outlet pipe and leach field. Immersed in the ground tanks is desirable to strengthen the outside of the iron or wooden boards and foam insulate the sides and especially at the top. Also, you can insulate the house to go septic sewer pipes. On the ground vysokopuchnistyh recommend to fill in concrete tanks to prevent ascent tanks. In our case, the turf do not necessarily. Also, it is necessary to withdraw ventilation. In theory – the output of should not be less than 4 meters, so as not to bring trouble not myself, nor the neighbors, but in practice, the use of a biological product Tamir, author smelled septic vent pipe at a height of 1.5 meters and was shocked by the flavor. That More importantly for the septic tank? Try not to lower the toilet toilet paper, although the same Tamir it breaks down, but still – better beware. Do not empty detergent in large quantities. By the way, to prevent murder all kinds of beneficial bacteria, making their useful work in the first tank of a septic tank with faeces, we derived the drain of a bathroom and a shower once in the second tank. This will provide better conditions for those who love the feces bacteria in the septic tank first. In contrast to the round of septic tanks, septic tanks, these were not seen during ascent during the swelling of the soil. However, you can tie them for reassurance to the mortgage concrete slab – a stand. Especially note that the SNIP prohibits dumping pipe aeration haydite fields, slag or any other kind of Charging insulation.

Brick chimney brick – the most traditional material used for flue wood stoves or fireplaces. But for the chimney is not suitable for every type of ceramic brick and calcium silicate bricks and does not want to use the chimney as it is poorly tolerate exposure to high temperatur.No when compared with other dymohodomi a brick chimney will cost deshevle.Kirpichny perfectly fit the look of any home, but this type of chimney has many disadvantages. Masonry chimneys are very heavy tezhely pipe, cumbersome and not very durable. In the daily operation of the first signs of destruction brick chimneys may appear as early as 2-5years. In addition, this type of chimney has relatively low thrust, and because of the porous and rough surface quickly overgrow kopotyu.Kirpichnye chimneys are not ill suited for stoves to wood heating, and in modern houses on wood heating stove, and soon meet, all the more common heating systems based on diesel fuel or gas. Stainless steel chimney flues, stainless steel is more expensive brick chimneys, but have some significant advantages. They much easier to brick chimneys, thanks to not require the strong foundations, chimneys, stainless steel is easy to install, corrosion resistant and quite durable. Some foreign manufacturers of flues provide up to 10-year warranty on their products ..

Stainless steel chimneys are versatile and suited to any firing, require minimum installation space, easy to install. They can be applied both at the operating temperature of up to 600 C, and in heating systems with condensing boilers, where flue gas temperature below the dew point. For production using high quality stainless steel. At manufacture of component parts used plasma welding in inert gas (argon). For efficient operation of the entire heating system needed: high precision joining of parts and their correct geometry and clean the inner surface (perfectly smooth inner surface), it is important to product quality and properly executed installation.

This requires special equipment, such as heat gun. How does the installation? On perimeter of the ceiling mounted frame-molding in which assemblers reduce a heat gun warmed sheet of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). After cooling, the canvas is stretched and becomes elastic, like a drum. Wonderful feature suspended ceilings – they have absolutely no fear of water. But after deformation fully recover its original shape. Another of their unquestionable advantage: colors available today firms PVC fabric is extremely rich – from pure white to black radical.

If you prefer, you can order and multi-colored ceiling. However, buying ceilings, it is necessary to know: Pros: Ideal flat ceiling surface. Is quick to install. Stretch ceiling completely recovers its shape even under considerable strain and did not afraid of water. After installation is not garbage. Wide range of colors and textures of PVC fabric. Cons: The canvas is made of synthetic material (PVC), who is afraid of sharp objects (easily pierced, cut).

Installation requires skill and special equipment (heat gun – a heater with directional heat flow). This form alignment of ceilings – one of the most expensive. Option Three. Decorative suspended ceiling panels suspended ceilings are made of different materials, but the most common – mineral fiber, metal (in particular, aluminum), gypsum board, paper and molded particleboard. Each material is, of course, good and bad in its own way. However, choosing appropriate, we advise to pay attention to such things: pass or not pass the air, afraid or not afraid water, whether good sound insulator. How can I align the ceiling panels by means of false? First, the ceiling on hangers attach the frame of metal profiles. Then decorative panels are placed on the frame. Moreover, suspension systems are "open" and "closed". In closed systems, frame completely covered with decorative panels. And in the open – visible rib cage. In addition, the ceilings are divided into the tile and batten.

Design decisions nodes pair of plastic windows with exterior walls. The practice of PVC windows – profile in different climatic zones of Ukraine showed that one of the common problems encountered by almost all buildings are elevated heat loss and condensation on the surface of the window slopes (and later the appearance of fungus on the slopes). If you decide to make the slopes of the drywall with his own hands then technology is not much different from the one-if you do plasterboard ceilings. The absence of a plastered slope materials have good insulating properties, the likelihood of hypothermia and teuvelichivaet cracking window slopes downward in the period of seasonal temperatures. Severe hypothermia leads to a slope of condensation on the surface of glass and elements of the window, even at low humidity.

Especially clearly seen during installation of plastic windows in single-panel walls of brick or reconstructed and newly constructed buildings. One of the main reasons for the marked beneficial effects are not – the increased flow of heat through a non-insulated windows slopes to bypass a window box. Heat losses are not only along the window box (in the outdoor environment), but also in the thickness of the medium with lower temperatures (in slope). This leads to a decrease in temperature inner surface of the window slopes. Moreover, calculations show that the heat loss through windows slopes can be up to 40%, which is clearly not appropriate in terms of energy efficiency. Therefore, the correct manufacturer of window slopes is not only sanitary – hygienic, but also economic benefits. Just to increase the temperature zones is not recommended priokonnoy completely cover the sill heaters. In the general case Several different approaches to solving this problem: * increase the thickness of insulation between the window frame and the outer wall, there is a device in the thickness of the wall thermoinlay Figure 1 * insulation on the outside window slopes by * insulation window slopes on the inside, the manufacture of slopes in older homes with great depth of quarters, in order to save money you can make the slopes of the drywall but always with warmth and See waterproofing so well designed living room

In this article, we encourage you to make the acceptance of apartments from builders, so that in future not to be in unbearable living conditions in the new apartment. The more you punch the marriage and leave yourself, the more you will be charged for repair of apartments St Petersburg. There are cases where unscrupulous builders rushed and almost forced to sign the acceptance certificate. Take your time, read the agreement, which specified a list of domestic works (decoration). And on this basis, ask for revisions and corrections. Here's what to look out for: 1.Okna. Of course, the windows should not be broken. Check for opening and closing, the availability of accessories, sealing joints around the perimeter of the windows.

2. Paul. The floors in apartment shall be suitable for laying wood flooring. Check the quality of ties (not valid crack), flatness and 'horizon'. 3. Wall. You need to ensure at least visually on evenness and verticality.

Exterior walls are not should be through cracks in the street. 4. Ceiling. There should be no wooden boards, plates, etc. It must be concrete. It is unacceptable presence of large chips and cracks in the ceiling. Check for flatness as well as on the 'horizon'. 5. Plumbing. That you have no problems after the repair of an apartment, make sure that the floors in your floor and ceiling joints no sewer risers. Builders often err and that if it starts the junction leakage in the ceiling, it can lead to significant alterations after the completion of repair of apartments. You need to check the operation of all installed devices. 6. Electrician. All Electrical accessories should be working condition. Should not beat guard in your apartment! Not to mention the overhead light bulbs. You must also verify the installation of the electricity in the panel and its sealing. 7. Ventilation. You must ensure that ventilation is working as intended. It happens that found the reverse thrust (in the summer in an apartment blown warm air in winter and ice). No need to explain the consequences. 8. The heating system – to check if the batteries in the winter their performance. Of course, it is better to take an apartment with a professional guest of peer companies. He surveys the apartment and make a formal conclusion, which will be given a list of defects and deficiencies, as well as links to all the rules and Visitors who violated the developer. If the main shortcomings and violations will be corrected, then easily remove small defects in the repair of apartments St Petersburg.